The main function of the condenser is to create vacuum pressure at the. Functions, types, air leakage and efficiency condenser thermal. The conventional steam power plant working under the rankine cycle and the steam condenser as a heat sink and the steam boiler as a heat source have the same importance for the power plant operating process. Flow rate, condenser, power output, performance analysis, vacuum, energy efficiency introduction 1 the condenser is a heat transfer device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it. Heat exchangers referred to as surface condensers are used to condense the exhaust from steam turbines that generate in house power for plant operations. The study showed that the condenser pressure played a prominent role in changing p. Once the steam has passed through the turbine, it enters the condenser where heat is removed until it condenses back into liquid water. The condenser performance test and thermal performance. The function of the condenser is to convert the saturated steam at the exhaust of the turbine to water that can be reused in the boiler to again convert it to steam. In steam surface condensers there is no mixing of exhaust steam and cooling water.
The purpose of gasturbine power plants is to produce mechanical power from the expansion of hot gas in a turbine. Sep 01, 2019 the relations for condenser thermal performance provided in this study contains no constant coefficients and only being function of inlet conditions of condenser. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for 120 mw. The function of condensers in steam power plants is to maintain a low temperature. A simple model to help understand water use at power plants. Thermal power plantcomponent, layout, advantages, disadvantages. In refrigeration operations, condensers are used to liquefy the highpressure refrigerant vapor leaving the compressor. The condenser plant has a huge impact on the economy of a steam turbine power plant. The efficiency of the steam power plant is increased by the use of a condenser. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Abstract in a thermal power plant, one of the main parts is considered that is. The definition and derivation of these two evaluation indexes were elaborated and. Inland plants away from large water bodies prefer to use closed cycle wet cooling system with wet cooling towers.
Thermal power stations introduction thermal energy is the major source of power generation in india. Thermal power plant cyclea typical 210 mw thermal power plant cycle based on modified rankine cycle. Dec 12, 2020 the condenser plant has a huge impact on the economy of a steam turbine power plant. The condensation of steam in a closed vessel produces a partial vacuum by reason. The condensed liquid is returned to the suction of the pump to complete the cycle. Condenser is one of the important auxiliary equipments in nuclear power plants. Experimental analysis of condenser to improve the efficiency in. More than 60% of electric power is produced by steam plants in india. In this lecture we will discuss why condenser is used in steam power plant. The effects of deviations in the condenser behavior on the. The boiler is the major source of irreversibilities. In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water. Condenser optimization in steam power plant springerlink. The temperatures obtained from the numerical analysis of the modeled condenser closely match with those of the working temperatures in the thermal power plant, which validates the model.
The main purposes of the condenser are to condense the exhaust steam from the turbine for reuse in the cycle and to maximize turbine efficiency by maintaining proper vacuum. Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of. Thermal power plants are usually equipped with so called surface condensers. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for thermal power. Increasing the efficiency of surface condenser under. Since 1881, electricity has been generated for the purpose of. Cleanliness factor and condenser corrected pressure are the two most important evaluation indexes. Thus, installing coalbased thermal power plants based on advanced steam parameters in bangladesh will be. Thermoeconomic optimisation of steam condenser for.
However, the steam generators in many large industrial facilities such as petroleum refineries may use whatever lowpressure steam is available. Turbine condensate system in thermal power plant heat. Steam condenser objective questions mcq and answers. Apr 15, 2016 in condenser after condensing the steam, the steam converts into water by the help of cooling water. The effect of this condensation on condenser area and effects to the cost is investigated. Ladd abstract water consumption at thermoelectric power plants represents a small but substantial share of total water consumption in the u. Key words ideal rankine cycle, energy analysis, exergy analyses. Function of condenser function of the condenser is to create a vacuum by. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for 120 mw thermal. The condensed steam now called condensate is collected in the condenser s hotwell. The pump characteristics of head, power and efficiency as a function of. As specific volume of steam is more than that of specific volume of condensed water. With this, the herculean task of replenishing the working fluid completely is eliminated. Thermal performance assessment of steam surface condenser.
In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water why it is required. In these notes we will focus on stationary plants for electric power generation, however, gas turbines are also used as jet engines in aircraft propulsion. Surface condenser and its function in thermal power plant. So when exhaust lowpressure steam comes from the turbine and passes through the condenser, it steam gets condensed to water, as the steam loses the heat, the extracted heat from the steam is carried out via the circulating cooling water. Decreasing the condenser pressure by 100 mbar will increase the power output by 2. Optimization of a condenser in a thermal power plant. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate.
As the operating pressure of the condenser is lowered vacuum is increased, the enthalpy drop of the expanding steam in the turbine will also increase. India has large deposit of coal about 170 billion tonnes, 5th largest in world. Analysis on performance of condenser in thermal power plant. The pressure inside a steam condenser is kept below the atmospheric pressure to increase efficiency. It is generally used for lowering the backpressure of the exhaust of the turbine end. Energy efficiency of any power plant strongly depends on its turbine condenser system operation mode. The conventional steam power plant working under, the rankine cycle and the steam condenser as a heat sink and the steam boiler, as a heat source have the same importance for the power plant operating process.
Performance analysis of surface condenser in 525mw. Steam exhausted from lp turbine is not in condensed form and it is not economical to compress the steam at a very high pressure around 150 kgcm2. Since condenser is the reserve operating at the lowest pressure in thermal power plant, its serves as the receiving point. The overall efficiency of a steam thermal power plant is strongly influenced by the. Surface condenser and its function in thermal power plant a surface condenser or steam condenser is a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger used to condensate the exhaust steam from the steam turbine in thermal power stations. That cooling water cw after heat exchanging goes to the cooling tower. The function of the condenser is to condense exhaust steam from the steam turbine by rejecting the heat of vaporisation to the cooling water passing through the condenser. Pdf analysis of operation of the condenser in a 120 mw. Condenser is an essential component in thermal power plant. Currently, many thermoelectric power plants use wetcooled condenser. Thermoeconomic optimisation of steam condenser for combined. The deaerators in the steam generating systems of most thermal power plants use low pressure steam obtained from an extraction point in their steam turbine system. It appreciably increases the work done per kg of steam.
A surface condenser or steam condenser is a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger used to condensate the exhaust steam from the steam turbine in thermal power stations. In this study, thermal power plant s, based on ideal rankine cycle, steam is condensed while the pressure of the condenser changes between 0. Where the heat collected from the steam in the condenser is removed by the help of direct contact with air. It is a type of heat exchanger in which steam undergoes phase change by giving latent heat and converts into water. Based on the actual measurement data collected from power plant, it is found that the proposed relations provide good accuracy. The nearly all accepted style of air cooled condenser is the modularized a frame structured design, used on industries and power plants of all sizes. Mar 27, 2020 a steam condenser is a closed vessel in which steam is condensed by abstracting the heat by cooling it with water and where the pressure is maintained below atmospheric pressure.
The function of the condenser is to condense exhaust steam from the. The use of condensers in thermal power plant or steam power plant improves the efficiency of the power plant by decreasing the exhaust pressure of the steam below the atmosphere. In this paper the effects of the condenser design parameters such as turbine inlet condition, turbine power and condenser pressure on heat transfer area, cooling water flowrate, condenser cost and specific energy generation cost are studied for surface type condenser. State ay two application of gas turbine power plant. Performance analysis of surface condenser in 525mw thermal.
Condenser in thermal power plants power4you power from. Detailed calculations of the performance under different operating conditions were carried out for the condenser of the morava thermal power plant. Deterioration of the parameters during operation could lead to a significant decrease in electrical output and. The function of a condenser in a thermal power plant is a.
In a thermal power plant, to complete the cyclic operation, we need to send water again to the economizer at high pressure. Methods for estimating water consumption for thermoelectric. The thermal power sector contributes to nearly about 66 percent of installed capacity in india. Conventional cooling methods of thermal power plants are extremely. Pmi revision 00 what is condensate the steam after condensing in the condenser known as condensate, is extracted out of the condenser hot well by condensate pump and taken to the deaerator through. Decreases the thermal efficiency of steam power plant.
In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from. To condense the exhaust steam from the turbine and reuse it as pure feed water in the boiler. State ay two application of the diesel power plant. The results are given in the text and also shown as diagrams.
The conventional steam power plant working under the rankine. Pdf the choice of surface condenser in function of energy. The thermal efficiency of the entire unit was depended on the condenser performance. The condensation process creates a vacuum in the condenser, the level of which is mainly dependent on the temperature of the external cooling water.
To reduce the turbine exhaust pressure so as to increase the specific output and hence increase the plant efficiency and decrease the specific steam consumption. In thermal power station condenser plays a vital role for having good efficiency. Setting the steam condenser pressure is generally restricted by the t. Steam condenser types, function, diagram, advantages.
For improvement the power plant efficiency the effect condenser pressure has been studied. Pdf in order to minimize total cost of electricity production it is. The use of a condenser in a power plant is to improve the efficiency of the power plant by decreasing the exhaust pressure of the steam below atmospheric pressure. Turbine condensate system in thermal power plant free download as powerpoint presentation. Energy efficiency of the coal fired power plant strongly depends on its turbine condenser system operation mode. Inside a steam condenser, there is a flow of cooling water which is continuously circulating from condenser to cooling tower and cooling tower to the condenser. Heat exchangers referred to as surface condensers are used to condense the exhaust from steam turbines that generate inhouse power for plant operations. This is necessary to obtain the maximum thermal efficiency from a given. Surface condenser in thermal power plant watco group. A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for thermal power plant.
In addition, the calculated thermal efficiency was 38. Improvement power plant efficiency with condenser pressure. The function of a condenser in thermal cycle is to maintain the exit pressure of the turbine lower than the atmosphere pressure. Pdf report on steam power plant saddam hussain sohag. The authors found that the performance of the condenser was varied due to the cooling water inlet temperature, flow rate of cooling water and pressure in energy 4.
So a device is needed which can condense the steam into water. Thermal power plants convert heat into power in the form of electricity. Function of the condenser is to create a vacuum by condensing steam. Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible. The heat is generated from a diverse range of sources, including coal, natural gas, uranium, solar energy, and geothermal energy. Another advantage of the condenser is that the steam condensed may be recovered to provide a source of pure feed water to the boiler and reduce the water softening capacity to a. The coal production in the country is increasing at the rate of 4. The temperature of steam is a function of condenser pressure. Steam condenser steam condenser objective type questions and answers. Analysis of operation of the condenser in a 120 mw thermal power. Furthermore, an optimisation of a condenser in a thermal power plant was performed. Thus by fitting a condenser, the thermal efficiency of the steam power plant can be greatly increased and also the capacity, without increasing size. The main purpose in steam power plant is to generate maximum. Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for.
Effect of low pressure end conditions on steam power plant. The a frame structured designs are mostly used in the power plants. Thermoelectric power plants in the united states by timothy h. Due to condenser pressure limitation, the maximum possible overall energy efficiency was found to be about 36. To condense steam into condensate to be reused again. A steam condenser is a closed vessel heat exchanger that is used to convert lowpressure steam to water. This may lead to higher back pressure in condenser which in turn lead to loss in condenser vacuum that causes loss of turbine efficiency resulting in higher heat rate than designed resulting in direct energy loss.
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